Parma's Verdi Festival presents less frequented versions of the composer's output. After opening with Macbeth in its 1847 original edition, it is now the turn of Le trouvère, the Parisian version of Il trovatore, adapted in 1857.
Obviously, Verdi had to add a ballet in Act 3 that was requested in the French capital, but Azucena's role underwent some changes too, with 24 extra bars to her tale when she tries to raise the Count's compassion. Act 4 was also modified: Leonora is deprived of her cabaletta, thus shifting the dramaturgical balance of the opera towards Azucena, who becomes the main character in this version, stating the predominance of Manrico's love for her mother above his love for Leonora. The fact that Azucena is not his real mother adds a further mocking element of tragedy to the story. The finale becomes more complex, with the return of the Miserere theme and some more verses. Other minor changes concern Leonora's arias, dictated by the need to adapt the role for soprano Pauline Gueymard-Lauters in Paris.
In addition to the rarity of the performance, the location and the staging are two more elements of interest. For the third, and perhaps last time, the Verdi Festival chose the Teatro Farnese, but excepting Graham Vick, who used the extraordinary spaces of the wooden hall inside in an ingenious way for Stiffelio last year, other directors have been intimidated by the space and have not taken advantage of its peculiarities. Robert Wilson, entrusted with staging this Trouvère, is no exception: the audience sits in the lower part of the hall, the action takes place on the small stage and the surrounding curved flight of steps remain empty, unused. In the huge environment, the sound reverberates excessively while the voices down there in that little box sound faded.
Roberto Abbado, conducting the Orchestra del Teatro Comunale di Bologna, adapted to the director's vision and after becoming accustomed to the particular acoustics of the place one appreciated his approach enhancing the instrumental colours of the score while the melodic outbursts never become melodramatic. The French Trouvère is less hot-tempered than the Italian Il trovatore and Abbado perfectly captures its essence.
Giuseppe Gipali is not an heroic Manrique: here the protagonist was more romantic, his vocal line was elegant, perhaps lacking in passion, but his high notes were steady and bright. Franco Vassallo was an authoritative and powerful Comte de Luna, the most celebrated singer of the evening. Roberta Mantegna was a sensitive Léonore characterised by a particular old school vibrato. The soprano highlighted good bel canto qualities in her variations composed for the French edition that gave to her role an almost Massenet accent. Nino Surguladze was a vocally convincing, young, attractive Azucena. The French diction was somewhat approximate for the supporting roles and chorus, while for the main interpreters it was more than acceptable.
If you think of a colour to match Il trovatore you would probably think of the red of the stake narrated at the beginning of the opera or of the real one at the end, not to mention the fire of the passions within. Instead, Wilson plunges the story into a freezing lunar atmosphere enclosed in a grey-walled box with bright rectangles and doors of different heights. His staging is the antithesis of the grand-opéra spirit of the Parisian Trouvère and the passionate and emotional tangles intertwined among the protagonists are immersed in a fish tank populated by two-dimensional figurines. Better, they come out purified: the geometry of the relationships is reflected in his minimalist scenery, an architectural construction of great charm. The action in Trovatore is fast-paced, but Wilson's staging moves in slow motion.
While some ideas are naive (like the lights that intensify in the most dramatic moments, or the presence on stage of characters absent from the plot), other are surprising such as the ballet in Act 3: instead of a more or less traditional choreography, some boxers enter the scene and fill these endless twenty minutes with their skips. On a chair, an old man with a white beard – who could initially be mistaken for Verdi himself – looks like Degas, without his ballerinas. In the background, a nurse returns with her pram, this time reduced to a skeleton, burnt at the stake.
Forty years ago, just after Einstein on the Beach, they asked Wilson to stage an opera by Verdi and the Texan director replied "I'll never do Verdi!". This is his fourth Verdi production.
Il Trovatore lunare di Robert Wilson a Parma in antitesi con il grand opéra
Continua la proposta del Festival di Parma di opere di Verdi in versioni meno frequentate. Dopo l'inaugurazione col Macbeth nella versione originale del 1847, è ora la volta di Le trouvère, edizione parigina de Il trovatore, adottata nel 1857.