The Temple of Opera has opened its doors to operetta. For the first time the Teatro alla Scala is staging Johann Strauss' Die Fledermaus, a work which launched a successful sequence of stageworks. German language operetta was a genre that adjusted Offenbach's and Suppé's French works to the tastes of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The perfect balance of panache and glamour, the melodic easiness, the stylish parody of opera seria models, the use of dances and popular themes were appreciated by Mahler himself who wanted to insert the work in the playbills of German theaters and personally directed it in Hamburg in 1894.
Thus Fledermaus, the most performed operetta in the world, comes with much procrastination to Milan in a new production by Cornelius Obonya – the last in a line of Viennese actors now devoted to opera direction – and Carolin Pienkos. Obonya sets the familiar plot in Kitzbühel, a fashionable tourist destination in Tyrol. The political and economic crisis of Vienna in the 1870s suggests the contemporary setting with references to the frenzy for money and image in our globalized society. The international billionaires of today are reflected in the dialogues, spoken in Italian and German when not in French, while the musical numbers are sung in the original German. Here, Prince Orlofsky is a female Russian oligarch bored by her billions, while at her party it is not difficult to see the crowd of today's nouveau riche.
In Act 1 we are in Gabriel von Eisenstein's villa, panoramic windows onto the Alps and plenty of modern artifacts included, even a huge Giacometti Walking Man that will be clumsily cut to pieces by the prison ward Frosch – and he was not even tipsy! In Act 2 we move into the posh villa of Orlovskaya. Its walls display hunting trophies whose horns allude to the leading characters' temptation to adultery, attempts that are frequently frustrated. Act 3 occurs in the prison, with the revolving door of a luxury hotel, and with cells overlooking the snowy peaks. Neither the scenery nor the costumes, by Heike Scheele, are anything but memorable.
Heinz Spoerli's vapid choreography sets the tone for a trite television production during the beautiful overture, a potpourri of waltzes and polkas from the operetta. Things do not improve in the second act, the one dedicated to the party in which a gala with guests is often inserted. Here it is a ballet to Unter Donner und Blitz, Strauss' polka-schnell. Even worse is the inclusion of a pair of acrobats hanging on a rope during the ecstatic "Brüderlein und Schwesterlein" in which alcoholic inebriation makes all "brothers and sisters" and lets everyone to forget social differences.
Zubin Mehta, who had longed for the project, had to withdraw due to indisposition and his place on the podium was taken by Cornelius Meister. The German, who often conducts in Vienna, performed this same work at the age of 21 and again just a few weeks ago at the Wiener Staatsoper's end-of-year performance. Here with the Teatro alla Scala Orchestra he tried to figure out that magic of lightness and vivacity, sensuality and nostalgia that is the essential charm of operetta, but was not always successful, particularly in the more lyrical and poignant moments.
The copious cast combined Italian and German-speaking singers. Among the women the best was the Austrian Daniela Fally as the maid Adele; her vocal agility and virtuosity were combined with a roguish stage presence. Even the Italian Eva Mei, with her darker timbre, was at her ease both vocally and in her German dialogues as Rosalinde, as when she pulled out an ironic Hungarian accent in the "watch duet" with her disguised husband. Elena Maximova, the party "tsarina" who preached her philosophy of à chacun son goût, lost the ambiguity of the original breeches role that gives more flavour to the character. Vocally she occasionally had some uncertainty of intonation.
Among the male singers Markus Werba, as Dr Falke, the engine of the plot, and Peter Sonn, as his victim, Eisenstein, performed well. Dr Blind was the funny Krešimir Špicer, a regular presence in the Milanese theatre. Frank, the prison director, found in Michael Kraus an effective interpreter too. Giorgio Berrugi painted the caricature of the narcissistic singer, Alfred, having fun with the most famous arias from the tenor repertoire with general merriment. The same fun was procured by comedian Paolo Rossi who, as Frosch the jailer, performed his satirical skit updated to reflect current events, but the audience expected something more scathing and, like the rest of the evening, it was a bit tame. With many gags, some useless, the production failed to recreate the unique atmosphere of elegance, humour and bonhomie typical of Viennese operetta. From the Danube to the Milanese Navigli, the champagne has lost some of its sparkle.
Strauss perde la sua effervescenza passando dal Danubio ai Navigli.
Il Tempio dell'opera lirica apre le porte all'operetta: per la prima volta il Teatro alla Scala mette in scena il lavoro con cui il 5 aprile 1874 al Theater an der Wien Johann Strauss figlio dava inizio ai suoi successi sulle scene.
Con Die Fledermaus (Il pipistrello) nasceva il genere dell'operetta danubiana che adattava ai gusti del pubblico dell'Impero Austro-Ungarico il successo parigino delle opere di Offenbach e Suppé, ben conosciuti nei teatri viennesi dove venivano messe in scena in lingua tedesca. Il perfetto equilibrio di brio e malizia, la facilità inventiva delle melodie, l'elegante parodia dei modelli dell'opera seria, l'utilizzo delle danze e dei temi popolari furono apprezzati dallo stesso Mahler che volle inserire l'opera nella programmazione dei teatri tedeschi e la diresse personalmente ad Amburgo nel 1894.