Macbeth is Giuseppe Verdi's tenth work and his first staging of a Shakespeare's play. It is also his first true masterpiece where the musical colour is innovative and becomes drama itself. The opera was not appreciated by the Florentine audience in 1847. It was only a tepid success, and in 1865 the author revised his creature for Paris. Usually the work is represented in a mix of the two versions, that is the second without the ballet, but with the insertion of the finale of the first version. Missing from the opera repertoire for almost a century, it was brought back to life by Maria Callas in 1952 at Teatro alla Scala.
Now another woman, Emma Dante, revives Macbeth again – and the fact that the main character is Lady Macbeth is more than obvious in her staging: she is the prime mover, her husband is psychologically manipulated by her, he's a puppet in her hands and deserves a slap in the face when he is about to betray himself because of his hallucinations during the party. Macbeth is the one who is left alone up there in his throne/cage where he climbed through a staircase of other thrones – an ascent to power without return. And as if it was not clear enough yet, she will enter in Act 3 on her husband's horse, the skeletal horse coming out of The Triumph of Death fresco from Palazzo Abatellis in Palermo.
There are countless pictorial images and symbols in Emma Dante's staging, where great theatre alternates with other moments of over-the-top crazed Baroque. The setting, first: from the heather of Scottish moors we move to the prickly pears of a Sicily proposed in its most sombre aspects, those of a religiosity where crosses become swords and vice versa and where the young corpse of Duncan (by no means "vegliardo" (decrepit) as written in the libretto) is washed and arranged like a dead Christ deposed from the cross or like Our Lady of Sorrows, plagued by seven swords. At the cheerful music of Duncan's arrival we see a procession of Sicilian puppets, while one of the many memorable scenes is that of the Lady sleepwalking from one bed to the other – hospital beds that dance around encircling her.
Here the witches, as was Verdi's intention, are the third major character. After mating with satyrs, their wombs become containers of prophecies, here newborn babies dropped into cauldrons – after all "Finger of birth-strangled babe, Ditch-deliver'd by a drab" is one of their magic potion's ingredients! The future that obsesses Macbeth so much is represented by the ability to perpetuate the species in women and their beards here are the long hair they bear in front of their face like the girl in the Japanese horror movie The Ring.
Few stage props are used: in addition to the thrones in various sizes already mentioned, there are gates shaped like crowns, in different sizes, lowered from above to cage the characters. The predominant colours are black and red, while the costumes, very long furs in Cruella de Vil style, give an even more barbaric and bloody touch to the two main characters, here portrayed by a stylistically diverse but convincing couple. Dalibor Jenis has a strong stage presence and a very personal voice with some stifled or throaty notes that proved to be effective in defining the character. Anna Pirozzi dominated in the Lady's role with intensity and expressiveness and did not disappoint expectations in the bel canto agility demanded by her part.
Vitalij Kowaljov was an effective Banquo while Macduff's unique but sublime aria "Ah, la paterna mano" was beautifully sung by Piero Pretti. This unique oasis of compassion in such a bloody plot delighted the audience before the finale where, differently from the Palermo version where it debuted a few months ago, Gianandrea Noseda justly eliminated the final chorus. Here the very last notes were those of Macbeth's death. Another credit to the conductor was his bold and full-colour performance, without however neglecting the most musically intense moments (such as the wonderful bassoon solo in the Sleepwalking Scene) or the hanging notes of "Patria oppressa", an unforgettable scene where the chorus was in the background, their faces are barely visible, and at the proscenium stretched dead bodies, covered in white cloth, an image of disturbing current events. Yes, opera is always up to date.
Dalla Scozia alla Sicilia: il profondo sud del Macbeth di Emma Dante
Macbeth è la decima opera e prima incursione nel mondo di Shakespeare da parte di Giuseppe Verdi ed è il primo vero capolavoro “verdiano” in cui il colore musicale è originale e diventa esso stesso dramma. Non lo capì il pubblico fiorentino del 1847 che decretò solo un tiepido successo all'opera e nel 1865 l'autore rimaneggiò la sua creatura per i teatri francesi. Usualmente l'opera viene rappresentata in un mix delle due versioni: la seconda, senza però i balletti, ma con l’inserimento del finale della prima versione. Scomparsa dal repertorio operistico per quasi un secolo è stata riportata in auge da Maria Callas nel 1952 al Teatro alla Scala.