Grieving the beloved dead and venerating the past were topics finding a sensitive public in the mournful atmosphere of a society still wounded by the devastating events of World War 1. Thus Die tote Stadt had the result of enhancing the precocious fame of Erich Korngold, a young prodigy expressed by the Austrian-German musical environment of Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler. The latter, who got to know him at the age of ten, proclaimed him "a musical genius", while Giacomo Puccini, who had listened to the opera in a piano reduction, designated the composer as "the strongest hope of the new German music”. Korngold's middle name, Wolfgang, seemed to justify his reputation as the “new Mozart”.
Die tote Stadt premiered in Hamburg and Cologne in 1920 and reached Berlin four years later, conducted by Georg Szell with Lotte Lehmann and Richard Tauber on stage. This huge success, even commercially, came to an abrupt end with the rise of the Nazis to power: labelled as an exponent of Entartete Musik (Degenerate Music) due to his Jewish origins, Korngold moved to Hollywood where he became a successful composer of film scores.
The opera was revived in Vienna in 1967: the time had finally come to appreciate again its neo-romanticism. Nowadays, Korngold's work enjoys a renewed interest: after Pier Luigi Pizzi's visionary staging (Venice, 2009), Kasper Holten in Helsinki (2010), Mariusz Treliński's cerebral production in Warsaw (2017) and the recent Graham Vick at La Scala, the Komische Oper Festival revives its Robert Carsen staging.
Michael Levine's designs present a bourgeois room that one imagines overlooks a bright avenue in Vienna or Berlin rather than a dark alley in Bruges. In Robert Carsen's production the dead city is absent, but a dead woman is present. There are no ambiguities or dreamlike elements here – Paul is a murderer. Franz is a psychiatrist who enters the scene of the crime taking notes during Paul's story and, at the end, with Marietta's corpse on the carpet, he turns up in a doctor's coat together with the nurse, Brigitta, to take the “friend” away. For Carsen, a murder really happened and Marietta's voice, who in the libretto returns in person after forgetting her gloves, is this time purely in the imagination of Paul's mind, perhaps a too easy solution for the many ambiguities of this work. Even Mariusz Treliński had interpreted Paul's story as a consequence of the murder of a woman, his wife Marie. But while the artistic director of the Welki Theatre in Warsaw staged a sort of horror movie, here in Carsen the mood is much lighter and Paul is unaware of what he did and therefore feels no remorse: “Yes, now you are like Marie,” he says, bent over Marietta's corpse. The ballet scene of Robert le diable is wittily realised by means of bed sheets and the bourgeois from Bruges attend the couple's jealous outbursts, cheering at the end. Carsen's hand is always present.
The lighting, by Peter van Praet and Carsen himself, has great importance and a cinematic effect. The room rotates on itself and breaks down to admit Marie's funeral and a religious procession, two moments of great visual suggestion. The commedia dell'arte scene here is a cabaret, with Marietta riding a chandelier descending from above in a rain of golden sequins. Petra Reinhardt and Rebecca Howell's costumes refer to the Weimar Republic.
Aleš Briscein, a tenor of gleaming timbre and at ease in the high register, is convincing as Paul, but somehow he lacks the vocal voluptuousness expected in music that borders on operetta – Richard Tauber, one of the first Pauls, was also a wonderful operetta singer – and the final reprise of "Glück, das mir verblieb" is correctly sung, but it should arouse shivers of yearning in the listeners, but that does not happen here. The same can be said of Sara Jakubiak's Marietta too; she's vocally effective, but she does not leave an indelible memory of the character. Günter Papendell is an authoritative Frank, but much less convincing as Pierrot Fritz when he performs “Mein Sehnen, mein Wähnen” in a rather woody tone.
In the orchestra pit, young Latvian conductor Ainārs Rubiķis, musical director of the theatre, shows a personality to keep an eye on. He conducts the score expansively during the lyric moments and with skilful attention to the orchestration, as when the percussion gives an alienating colour to what is happening on stage. The evocative sound of the bells is of great relevance too: in Rodenbach's novel Bruges-la-morte, from the height of the city bell towers “disperse the dust of sounds in the air, the dull ash of years”. Here they seem to spread glitter on the set furniture and costumes.
La città morta di Carsen non è proprio morta
Il tema del superamento della morte della persona amata e della venerazione del passato trovava un pubblico sensibile nell’atmosfera luttuosa di una società ancora ferita dagli eventi della Grande Guerra. Per questo Die tote Stadt ebbe il risultato di consolidare la fama precoce di Korngold, giovane prodigio espresso dall'ambiente musicale austro-germanico di Richard Strauss e di Gustav Mahler. Quest'ultimo, che l'aveva conosciuto a dieci anni, lo aveva dichiarato «un genio musicale», mentre Puccini, che aveva ascoltato a Vienna una riduzione per pianoforte dell'opera, aveva definto il compositore «la più forte speranza della nuova musica tedesca». Il suo secondo nome, Wolfgang, sembrava giustificava la sua nomea di «nuovo Mozart».