Handel’s original version of Acis and Galatea was written in 1717–18 at Cannons, a stately home in Middlesex. Composed with light orchestration, it was not meant to be performed in an opera theatre, but rather in this private mansion. Listening to this production at the Royal Opera of Versailles, it is clear why the Cannons version was adapted so many times – and why some Baroque dramatic works simply do not work without stage support or a larger orchestra.
This sublime “pastoral opera” or “masque” (something between cantata, opera, dance and oratorio) was rarely produced in its original version from Cannons: Handel rewrote several versions (we know of three); Mozart rescored it and translated it into German 70 years later, adding clarinets, bassoons and horns; and Mendelssohn rescored it again in 1829 to fit the 19th-century ear, and beefed up the orchestra even more with additional wind instruments and timpani.
Even though the Opera Theatre at the Versailles Palace, whose interior is entirely made of wood, is perfectly suited for this Baroque performance, something was missing – a certain thrill, expected from Handel, just didn’t come. And I’m still not sure if it was because of this original version of Acis and Galatea itself, or if it was the reduced ensemble of only seven instrumentalists – or perhaps the lack of staging magic, or indeed the unconvincing performers. Or it may have been a combination of all these things.
Acis and Galatea was Handel’s first work in the English language. The librettist John Gay drew the main characters from Greek mythology. They are the same that Handel used in the cantata Aci, Galatea e Polifemo, which he wrote in Italy in 1708. The tale is very simple: Galatea, a water nymph, and the shepherd Acis fell in love with each other, but the fearsome giant Polyphemus brutally interrupts their bucolic romance in Arcadia, and kills Acis in a rage of jealousy. Catharsis is achieved when Galatea, mourning her murdered lover, uses her supernatural powers to make her love eternal by transforming Acis into a stream.