Bandits in the 19th century have been topics of fascination for many operas: from Verdi's I masnadieri to Ernani, from Offenbach's Les brigands to Bizet's Carmen, freebooters had arias and couplets of their own on stage. No exception is Auber with his Fra Diavolo, inspired by one of the most feared robbers who fought against French domination in southern Italy, a hero of Bourbon resistance during the Napoleonic wars. In the libretto, Scribe draws his model from other French bandits and paints him both romantically – Fra Diavolo steals only from aristocrats, bankers and merchants, leaves the poor and, from the young girls, he only takes “what they want to offer” – and with ruthless cruelty.
The story tells of the beautiful innkeeper Zerlina, unwillingly betrothed by her father to a local rich fellow, who succeeds in fulfilling her love dream with the carabiniere Lorenzo after having to deal with Fra Diavolo, disguised as Marquis of San Marco, and two risible noble British tourists. In the plot, the role of the two awkward henchmen of the brigand, Giacomo and Beppo (played by Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy in the 1934 film version), are the decisive factors in the capture of Fra Diavolo.
Though one of the most popular in his time, Auber's Fra Diavolo is now rarely performed due to a mix of drama and humour that is so difficult to balance, but also for being an opéra comique, that mix of singing and acting not easily exported outside France. In the staging at the Opera di Roma, the spoken dialogues of the original 1830 edition are transformed into sung recitatives, translated into French from the Italian version. The musical part is also that of the version presented in Florence in 1866, with added numbers. Thus one problem is solved, but the wittiness of Scribe's text is lost and the opera becomes a continuous musical where, in the original, it was a well balanced sequence of catchy arias and brilliantly spoken dialogues.
The Mediterranean setting is recreated by director Giorgio Barberio Corsetti with its intriguing teatro-immagine in which video projections and virtual reality are predominant. During the ouverture we see the British couple driving in their red roadster through the Italian landscape. The first scene of Act 3, with Fra Diavolo walking along a city road, also makes clever use of projections.
Here we are in the early 1960s, where carabinieri were a regular ingredient in the Italian films of postneorealismo, and even the costumes reflect that free and easy era. But in addition to a tribute to the Italian cinema, the director adds a cartoonish touch to his staging, including balloons for the performers' interjections or the bandit's gunshots, while the almost Vaudevillian tone of Act 2 at the inn is obtained with a set of open rooms where we see what is taking place inside; a busy scene in the mood of a farcical play by Labiche or Feydau.
For the first time, scenery realized with a huge 3D printer was used here. The buildings are composed of the overlapping of thin layers of fully renewable resources and have a wavy, surreal shape, as if the reality of the landscape was deformed by the "devilish" presence of the fake Marquis of St Mark.
In the theatre foyer, one could admire a thus composed three-dimensional portrait of John Osborn, the protagonist. The American tenor did not spare himself in the challenging vocal role, performing with great ease and with a French elegance and diction that was not always found in other interpreters. His performance was full of irony and impeccable voice rendering, always prone to characterize the double-faced character, the seductive and the ruthless, though the former side was downplayed by Osborn who cleverly highlighted the cynical and manipulative nature of the character.
Though well-sung, Roberto de Candia's Lord Rocburg lacked the humour of the Englishman abroad with his awkward linguistic attempts. More focused on her stage presence than on vocal skills was Sonia Ganassi as Lady Pamela. Anna Maria Sarra (Zerlina) and Giorgio Misseri (Lorenzo) were both good and vocally generous, but both strained their performances. Jean-Luc Ballestra, the only French singer in the cast, was the one who best realized the pair of bungling thugs as Giacomo. Roberto Zappalà's humorous choreography effectively added vivacity to the crowded moments on stage.
In the pit, Rory Macdonald conducted with an extremely light hand, at moments almost in a diaphanous way, so that sometimes the performers' voices prevailed over the orchestra. At least, the qualities of a music that starts with Rossini and ends with Offenbach were duly highlighted.
Dramma e commedia nel Fra Diavolo di Auber: un equilibrio felicemente ottenuto all'Opera di Roma
L'opera dell'Ottocento ha spesso subito il fascino dei briganti: dai Masnadieri all'Hernani di Verdi, da Les brigands di Offenbach alla Carmen di Bizet, i banditi hanno avuto proprie arie e couplet in scena. Non fa eccezione Auber con il suo Fra Diavolo, ispirato alla figura di uno dei più temuti tra i briganti che nel sud Italia lottavano contro la dominazione dei francesi: un eroe della resistenza borbonica durante le guerre napoleoniche. Nel libretto Scribe prende a modello anche i coevi banditi d'oltralpe, altrettanto romanticamente dipinti – Fra Diavolo deruba solo aristocratici, banchieri e commercianti, lascia andare i poveri e dalle giovani fanciulle prende solo quello che gli “vogliono offrire” – ma pure crudelmente spietati.