Samson was a Nazarite, a chosen one, like Jacob or Isaac, and his birth was a miracle because his mother was barren. The prohibition of cutting his hair, as well as not drinking alcohol, was part of his covenant with the God of Israel to free its people from the Philistines. It is written in the Bible, Book of Judges 13-16, and it is a subject well suited for an oratorio – Handel set it to music on a text by Milton in 1743.
Saint-Saëns' opera begins with the solemn tones of a chorus, “Dieu d'Israël! Écoute la prière”, that becomes a cleverly written fugue. But soon the work turns into something different. It is Delilah's character that matters most to the composer who devotes the most attractive pages to her – the originally scheduled title for the work was in fact Dalila. The Jew's heroic deeds are hardly mentioned in Ferdinand Lemaire's libretto that focuses on the character's inner conflicts. The music continuously swings between a strict religious atmosphere and sensual eroticism, grave tonal chords and oriental melismas. Hugo de Ana's production at Turin's Teatro Regio swings between the past and the future. The Argentinian director had already staged Samson et Dalila in 2001 – a controversial setting, where Jews were compelled to live in a dumping ground full of scrapped cars, brandishing mufflers or fenders as weapons, while the Philistines wore costumes from Star Trek.
Fifteen years later, the Philistines are Samurai warriors in this new setting, co-produced with the Beijing National Centre for the Performing Arts, where the opera was presented last year. De Ana looks back at the biblical films of the 1950s, but here are no Hedy Lamarr or Victor Mature, unfortunately, and those hoping that the performance would be a mocking rendition of Cecil B DeMille's Samson and Dalilah feature film would have waited in vain. Delilah's first scene makes it clear that irony is far from the director's intent: the Philistine women of her retinue wave their arms as in a cheap choreographic imitation of the 1940s and Dalilah's dancing movements are embarrassing, to say the least. The absolute lack of seduction and eroticism in the duet of the second act is compensated by video images of naked bodies whose anatomical details distract more than they should from what's happening on stage and there is also a great profuseness of nudity in Act III's bacchanal, even if it is mostly due to bouncing false genitals applied to the dancers' thongs. The duet between Dalila and the High Priest of Dagon, a superb Claudio Sgura, fell flat and the finale (four firecrackers and some debris falling from above) was quite disappointing. At least one should expect a well staged catastrophe!
The sets are in an imposing Chinese taste and the costumes incongruously luxurious with super rich embroidery. The theatre costume designers were rightly at the curtain fall to get the applause from the audience.
Pinchas Steinberg correctly directed a score that he knows well, but he seemed to bother to highlight the amazing orchestral riches, with tempi sometimes slowed down too much.
After so much Italian bel canto, Gregory Kunde returns to the French repertoire in which he has always exhibited the finesse of his voice – his Pearlfishers' Nadir was among the greatest of all time. Kunde's Samson is lyrical again, rather than the dramatic apex the role reached in the last century with the likes of Mario del Monaco or Jon Vickers. Kunde's performance reveals the miracle of a voice that continues to surprise for its freshness, power and elegance. His stage presence is not, however, aided by the direction – awkward and static –and his character was poorly developed.
This was Daniela Barcellona's debut in the role. She is at ease in the French repertoire, as she was in Les Troyens, but the role of Dalila is vocally more challenging than that of Dido and she lacked the fluidity between registers you would expect, even if the tone colour and the expression were always nice and the high notes well placed. Here too the direction hampered the definition of her character where the femme fatale becomes an irritating hag.
Cecil B DeMille in Cina per il Samson et Dalila
Sansone è un nazireo, un eletto, come Giacobbe o Isacco, e la sua nascita è un miracolo perché la madre era sterile. Il divieto di tagliarsi i capelli, come quello di non bere alcolici, fa parte del suo patto con il Dio di Israele per liberarne il popolo dalla Filistia – così dice il racconto biblico (Libro dei Giudici, 13-16). Si tratta quindi di un soggetto più consono a un oratorio che a un'opera e infatti è Händel a musicarlo come tale nel 1743 su testo di Milton.