Metastasio's Didone abbandonata has been set to music at least sixty times, from Domenico Sarro in 1724 to Saverio Mercadante in 1823. In those hundred years composers like Domenico Scarlatti, Albinoni, Handel, Porpora, Galuppi, Hasse, Jommelli, Cherubini and Paisiello didn't refrain from having a Didone abbandonata in their music catalogue.
A long way from Purcell, who 37 years earlier had focused the drama on the Queen of Carthage and the Trojan Prince, here the plot involves six characters: two women and four men, in a complex network of relationships in which Iarba (King of the Moors) loves Dido, Dido loves Aeneas (but he has an empire to found overseas), Selene (Dido's sister) loves Aeneas, while Araspe (Iarba's confidant) loves Selene. The only character not entangled in love affairs is Osmida (Dido's disloyal confidant), totally determined in his ambition for power.
Leonardo Vinci was among the first to set the libretto to music. His work is a skillful sequence of recitatives and solo arias (there are no duets or trios), all very pleasant and full of lyricism, a typical trait of the Neapolitan opera school. His Didone abbandonata premiered in Rome 1726 at the Teatro delle Dame, a theatre which, despite the name, was banned to women, who, by papal decree, could not tread the boards of the Roman theatres. Therefore the two female characters were played by famous castrati. In modern times, on the contrary, male roles are often sung by female voices, as in this production at Teatro Goldoni in Florence, nearly three hundred years after the first performance. Here the distribution is reversed: two men and four women. The work was recently staged in Schwetzingen, but in Handel's pasticcio of 1737, that incorporates some of Vinci's arias. Consequently, this was the first performance in modern times.
The setting of the opera is by choreographer Deda Cristina Colonna and is limited to a fixed stage with a small staircase and some scaffolding pipes, alluding to the city of Troy under construction. The only references to the plot are a small winged sphinx and a dull shadow play of buildings and ships. Visually it is ugly. But the direction too – or rather the absence of direction – is no different: the singers enter and leave climbing and descending those four steps and then wheel with their cloaks around the pipes, raise their arms to the sky in highly mannered gestures, fuss about the stage (especially the Moors' king), crack the whip (the same king) or awkwardly brandish their tin swords.
In the lack of direction, the singers do what they can. Dido is Roberta Mameli, a soprano with a beautiful voice who unfolds her strong temperament from her first aria, "Son regina e son amante", to the final scenes, made of a single accompanied recitative that ends on quivering descending notes on her last words, "Arda la Reggia e sia il cenere di lei la tomba mia" (Let the palace burn and its ashes be my grave). In Metastasio's libretto, Dido's death was followed by an epilogue with Neptune, but here Vinci's finale is unusually subdued, somehow calling to mind Purcell's ending.
Carlo Allemano's tenor is ostentatious and strained in the coloratura, not best suited to the role of Enea. The countertenor Raffaele Pe is stylistically better as Iarba, but ill served by the direction. The other performers are more or less adequate, but you cannot attribute only to first night nerves the forgotten or missed cues and the flat notes. The orchestra was little better, with a series of false notes in the brass, and stiffness in the strings, Carlo Ipata leading a heavy performance.
Didone abbandonata dalla regia in Firenze
Il libretto della Didone abbandonata del Metastasio è stato messo in musica almeno sessanta volte: la prima da Domenico Sarro nel 1724 e l'ultima da Saverio Mercadante nel 1823. In questi cento anni non hanno rinunciato ad avere nel loro catalogo una Didone abbandonata compositori come Domenico Scarlatti, Albinoni, Händel, Porpora, Galuppi, Hasse, Jommelli, Cherubini e Paisiello.