Like Alban Berg's Lulu ten years later, Giacomo Puccini's Turandot was left without an ending at the death of its author. Due to the illness that afflicted him – or possibly his plausible reluctance to conclude the story of the icy and cruel Chinese princess who eventually turns into a passionate and enamoured woman – the score was only complete as far as Liù's death, the midpoint of Act 3. It is at this moment that Arturo Toscanini put his baton down to conclude the first performance at La Scala in 1926.
Since then there have been a few attempts to complete the score, firstly by Franco Alfano, director of the Conservatory of Turin at the time, who, having composed a work of oriental setting the year before – The legend of Sakuntala – seemed the most qualified. His first proposal, rarely performed, was followed by a second version, shorter and more faithful to Puccini's notes, and it is with this happy ending that Turandot is generally staged. With Alfano's ending considered too bombastic, a new finale was commissioned in 2001 from Luciano Berio and is occasionally performed, even if it's considered too modern.
Here in Turin the problems posed by the realization of the work convinced Gianandrea Noseda, musical director of the Teatro Regio, to follow Toscanini's example and therefore end the opera two bars after the words pronounced by the crowd: “Liù, goodness, forgive! Liù, sweetness, sleep! Forget! Liù! Poetic spirit!”. Noseda's conducting is dazzling and incisive, like the scenery that we see at the opening of the curtain, and highlights the peculiarities of the work of a composer who turned back to the past (Carlo Gozzi's fairy tale with masks is dated 1762), but expressed himself in a cutting-edge style. In 1920, Puccini saw a performance of Richard Strauss' Die Frau ohne Schatten in Vienna and, two years later in Florence, experienced Schoenberg's Pierrot Lunaire.
Rebeka Locar was a commanding Turandot but was barely defined as a character. Calaf had the well-modulated but not particularly beaming voice of Jorge de León who prudently lowered his "Nessun dorma" in pitch, which did not raise much sign of enthusiasm from the audience. As Liù, Erika Grimaldi, a regular presence in the Teatro Regio's productions, was as diligent as ever but also suffers an unpleasant timbre. Other singers were less than memorable.
In his new staging Stefano Poda – as usual in the joint-role of director, set designer, costume designer, choreographer and lighting designer – follows the traits of his previous work, relying on elegant visualization of a story told in a very personal way. Gozzi's plot, which was already dreamlike by itself, not to say incongruous of a fairy tale, becomes in Poda's hands another thing entireyl, equally inconclusive but with its own internal logic, even if that logic is not always intelligible.
The performance starts, as in Romeo Castellucci's Tannhäuser, with archers shooting arrows whose noise, when they reach the target, is the first sound effect that we hear before the thundering fortissimo of the opera's initial bars. Dazzling white marks the scenery and costumes, with no distinction between the Peking crowds and the courtiers. Even the naked bodies of Turandot's retinue are painted white. The only non-white spots are Calaf's black suit and the red skirt worn by Turandot-Lady Gaga who at the end of the first act kills the Prince of Persia with an arrow... or at least it seems so, because nothing is certain in this staging that often contradicts the story told, as when Liù finally dies but walks away with Calaf's father who, by the way, never seems blind.
Poda crams his vision with many ideas, some indecipherable. The only thing certain is the presence/absence of the title character who we find in the many other similar figures that sing Turandot's own words in playback. “Turandot doesn's exist” is sung at a certain point by Ping, Pang and Pong, and Poda takes them at their word.
The obsession of severed heads is an ever-present topic: from the big heads hovering above the stage, to the diamond-studded motorcycle helmets as in Damien Hirst's skulls. Incongruously the corpses in the rotating morgue, where the three “masks” wrap the victims of the icy princess with bandages, have their heads preserved! This scene has a macabre humour: in the goodbye verses sung by the three dignitaries, Puccini adopts the same “Addio” theme from his Gianni Schicchi – but then, there was a corpse there as well…
Calaf solves Turandot's riddles lying on a chaise longue, perhaps to stress the psychoanalytical aspect of Poda's staging. Or perhaps it means something else, who knows? The spectacle has its own coherence, but it is as enigmatic as the Chinese princess, and equally icy.
Una, nessuna, cento Turandot nel sogno di Poda
Come Lulu di Alban Berg di dieci anni dopo, anche Turandot di Giacomo Puccini è rimasta senza finale alla morte del suo autore. A causa del male che lo affliggeva, o per la riluttanza del compositore a concludere in maniera convincente la vicenda della gelida e crudele principessa cinese che alla fine si trasforma in una donna appassionata e innamorata, la partitura dell'opera arriva solo a metà del terzo atto, fino alla morte di Liù. È in questo punto punto che Arturo Toscanini aveva posato la sua bacchetta alla prima rappresentazione alla Scala nel 1926.