Unlike regular opera seasons, opera festivals have the task of finding and highlighting little-known works. Bergamo's Donizetti Opera Festival satisfies this purpose perfectly, wisely delving into the boundless production of works by its illustrious fellow citizen.
This year marks the 200th anniversary of Donizetti's second opera, Pietro il Grande, czar delle Russie o Il falegname di Livonia (Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia or The Livonian Carpenter) that first saw the light in Venice in 1819. Gherardo Bevilacqua Aldobrandini's libretto is taken from Alexandre Duval's Le Menuisier de Livonie, ou Les illustres voyageurs (Paris, 1805), a play brought to Italy with such success that another opera was derived from the play, The Livonian Carpenter by Giovanni Pacini that same year, in Milan. Aldobrandini's text is rich in ironic quotations, such as "Siam navi all'onde algenti" of Scene 11 taken from the Metastasian Olimpiade, set to music by Vivaldi, among others. Or Bartolo's “Se tutto il codice dovessi svolgere” from Le nozze di Figaro.
The story tells of the imperial couple arriving in disguise at a Baltic village where Carlo, a young carpenter protégé of the innkeeper Madama Fritz, loves Annetta, the innocent daughter of the rebel Mazepa. In the end, the tsar punishes the arrogant magistrate Cuccupis and magnanimously blesses the union of the couple after discovering that Carlo is Caterina's missing brother and Mazepa is duly dead. Echoes of the 1815 Vienna Congress are not far away in the final tirade, while in the figure of Tsar Peter one can read a tribute to Habsburg Emperor Francis II ruling Venice again.
A blend of the funny and the pathetic is already present in this melodramma burlesco, as happened later in L'elisir d'amore and Don Pasquale. This was well understood by Rinaldo Alessandrini, an expert Baroque conductor here at the head of the Orchestra Gli originali. He masterly delivered a score full of the surprising ingredients of Rossini's language, sometime almost a parody, both in the vocal style and instrumental accompaniment. Il barbiere di Siviglia and La Cenerentola were just a few years before, as one could easily perceive. However, Donizetti's music contains the freshness and liveliness of his most mature comic operas. In Pietro il Grande there are many ensemble (three duets, a sextet, two concertati) and choruses, the last effectively performed here by the Coro Donizetti Opera led by Fabio Tartari.
The vocal cast was of a good level. One must not look for the most interesting interpreters in Pietro, entrusted to Roberto de Candia's sure craft, or in Francisco Brito's Carlo, a correct but slightly bland tenor. Here the scene was stolen by the acting effervescence and the remarkable vocal presence of Marco Filippo Romano, a basso buffo who sang the exhilarating role of Ser Cuccupis, the local magistrate. Even the other basso, Tommaso Barea, was a very effective performer as the usurer Firman-Trombest, while Marcello Nardis gave voice to the character of Hondediski, a prototype for L'elisir's Belcore. Among the female performers, it was not the slender, though agile, voice of Nina Solodovnikova (Annetta) that excited, but Loriana Castellano and Paola Gardina, as Caterina and Madama Fritz respectively, to whom Donizetti devotes two masterful pages right at the end of the opera: to the Tsarina the aria “Pace una volta, e calma” with a noble Mozartian tempo, and to the innkeeper a scene with rondo “In questo estremo amplesso” of huge theatrical effect. In both numbers the two singers demonstrated expressive qualities and vocal preciousness that have given an extra dimension to their characters.
For the staging of this rare title, Francesco Micheli, artistic director of the festival, summoned the Roman collective Ondadurto Teatro (Marco Paciotti and Lorenzo Pasquali), a company known for its interdisciplinary shows, ranging from nouveau cirque to physical theatre, from dance to gesture. On their debut in the world of opera, their juvenile zeal was appreciated. However it led sometimes to the excesses of a horror vacui (mimes, trapeze artists, video projections) which were often intrusive. In the scenery and in the costumes, the geometric and colourful elements of Russian abstract (Kandinsky and above all Malevič) were recognised, forcefully adapted to a story set in Peter the Great's Russia. The rigidity of the unusual costumes designed by K.B. Project did not restrict the freedom of the characters, but underlined their overall schematic pattern.
Pietro il Grande, Czar delle Russie: un ventiduenne Donizetti paga il suo debito a Rossini
Diversamente dalle stagioni dei teatri d'opera, i festival hanno il compito di scovare e mettere in luce lavori poco conosciuti. Il Festival Donizetti Opera di Bergamo adempie a questo scopo alla perfezione, pescando giudiziosamente nella sterminata produzione del suo illustre concittadino.