This was the first performance in Turin of Janáček's sublime tragedy of guilt, a musical milestone of the 20th-century music for the stage and one of his most passionate scores. Originally conceived by Robert Carsen for the Vlaamse Opera, this production of Káťa Kabanová now arrives at Teatro Regio, the second chapter of Carsen's Janáček project including five of the best-known works of the great Moravian composer.
The plot, based on Alexander Ostrovsky's The Storm, is set in a Russian village, on the banks of the Volga. As in Jenůfa, in this small rural environment all the characters are more or less related: Marfa Ignatěvna Kabanová, named Kabanicha and widow of a wealthy merchant, has a son, Tichon, married to Káťa, and a foster daughter, Varvara, a carefree and independent girl who flirts with Kudrjáš, the teacher. Kabanicha has an equivocal relationship with the merchant Dikój, who takes pleasure in harassing his grandson Boris, who's in love with Káťa.
The village oppressive and bigoted environment is the source of unrest for a simple and sensitive soul like Káťa, here distraught by guilt for her adultery. Three couples are at the centre of the drama: one survives by fleeing away (Varvara and Kudrjaš take refuge in Moscow), one dissolves (Boris is sent to Siberia by his uncle and Káťa leaps into the river) only the third, that of the old despots Kabanicha and Dikój, outlasts, maybe even better than before.
Janáček's peculiar style is evident from the start, with that subdued prelude and those hushed eight fatal beats of the timpani that stress the name's syllables (Ka-te-ri-na Ka-ba-no-vá), a motto that will return another fifty times. In the extraordinary condensed finale, everything takes place within a few minutes: Káťa's farewell to her beloved, her leaping into the river, the cry for help of a passer-by, the drowning, the coming of the people of the village, the rescue of the corpse, the recognition, Tichon's accusation to his mother ("You have killed her! you have murdered her!"), her cynical cue ("Thank you, good people, thank you for your help!") and the closing Volga's song.
In Carsen's ravishing staging, revived in Turin by Maria Lamont, the river's waters are present from the beginning. The stage is turned into a pool in which the multiple copies of Káťa in her white dress “drown” in the shallow water. The same girls relocate the wooden walkways to create the different environments: the shore from which Kudrjaš is fishing in the first scene; the Kabanov's room; the garden and the river bank where the adultery is committed in the second act; the parallel runways where the desperate lovers say their last goodbye in the third act, without even getting close to one another.
Patrick Kinmonth's set design includes a mirror reflecting the surface of the water, its ripples and splashes during the storm. Particularly touching is the staging of the farewell scene. Separated by the still body of water, Boris is just a black shadow on the other side. Slowly the light increases and Boris' features are more discernible, but he is always out of reach. Káťa touches the water's surface and the ripple spreads like a circle until it reaches her beloved on the other bank.
Even the villagers attending to the discovery of the body are a set of black silhouettes that hastily depart and leave Tichon and Kabanicha alone on stage: the son looks at his mother in horror and then leaves, perhaps forever. The woman remains still for a moment, coldly contemplating the girl's corpse, then she readjusts her hair with a coy gesture of the hand and then leaves from the other side. The Personregie here is another of the strong points of Carsen's productions, quintessential in this drama full of numberless psychological subtleties.
The crisp sound of Janáček's music are entrusted to the expert and sensitive hands of Marco Angius. The dramatic silences, the dreamy and heavenly pages, the outbreaks of the hostile nature were performed to perfection by the orchestra.
On stage there was a cast of excellent singers, most of them native Czech speakers to make the most of the conversational style of Janáček's singing. The young Andrea Danková was an intense Káťa with a beautiful vocal style, just lacking a little theatrical character. Rebecca de Pont Davies delineated a cold and cynical Kabanicha while Lena Belkina's warm tone suited Varvara. The three male interpreters portrayed their different characters effectively: the vibrant Štefan Margita was the cowardly Tichon, Misha Didyk had a beautiful timbre as Boris and Oliver Zwarg was an authoritative Dikoj.
The determined and prolonged cheers at the end proved the audience's appreciation for the superb and touching performance.
L'incantevole messa in scena di Carsen de Káťa Kabanová al Regio di Torino
Prima esecuzione a Torino di questa «sublime tragedia della colpa», pietra miliare dell’opera del Novecento e una delle pagine più intense di Leoš Janáček. Concepito originariamente da Robert Carsen per l’Opera delle Fiandre, questo allestimento di Káťa Kabanová arriva ora al Regio come seconda puntata del progetto di allestimento dei cinque lavori più conosciuti del grande musicista moravo da parte del regista canadese.