In his epistolary novel Les Liaisons dangereuses (Dangerous Liaisons), Choderlos de Laclos gives an account of the libertine cynicism of the depraved French aristocracy in 1782, seven years before the storming of the Bastille. Two centuries later, the German playwright Heiner Müller rewrote the text by stressing its verbal defiance and making it a cruel game of sex and death between two characters, the Vicomte de Valmont and the Marquise de Merteuil, who eventually play the other two personas of the novel, Madame de Tourvel and the young Cécile de Volanges – hence the title of the piece, Quartett.
In April 2011 Luca Francesconi was commissioned to write an opera on Müller's text, staged at La Scala with the same title. The libretto is by the composer himself and is written in English, a single act divided into twelve scenes with a finale taken from Die Hamletmaschine, also by Müller, in which the female protagonist destroys her prison-house. The composer here exaggerates the claustrophobic dimension of the affair between the Marquise and the Vicomte engaged in dense dialogue. Their conversation is totally cerebral; feelings have no place between them, not even love. “Love is the domain of the servants. You consider me capable of such a vulgar impulse," says the Marquise, and later the Vicomte: "Let the mob copulate in the corners, their time is expensive." Here human relationships are played as a chess game following a shrewd war strategy: the Vicomte de Valmont has decided to conquer the very chaste Madame de Tourvel and he confides his project to the Marquise de Merteuil, his former lover and unbridled libertine, who drives him at a distance, forcing him to respect the libertine code and advising him first of all to conquer the timid Cécile de Volanges, just out of the convent and promised to a man on whom the Marquise wants to take revenge.
Now, after 76 performances in 17 theatres and seven different productions, Quartett returns to La Scala in the original staging by Àlex Ollé of La Fura dels Baus. As in Müller's play, the setting is not defined: “a living room before the French Revolution, a bunker after the Third World War”, reads the libretto. When the curtain rises we see Paris from a bird's eye perspective, then the view descends on the roofs and on the façade of a noble palace; finally it zooms in on a window and we enter a room. We will later discover it is a square box magically suspended in the void by almost invisible cables. In Alfons Flores' scenery, it is a prison cell, a doll's house where the two characters verbally tear themselves apart. In their dry hearts there is no space for feelings, for something that does not come directly from self-defence, they are totally disconnected from what happens outside in the world. In Franc Aleu's video, a wall hiding the crowd outside is seen crumbling. In Laclos' novel, the aristocrats are absorbed in their trivial gossiping and do not hear the cries of the hungry people outside; the director hints that even now, we do not hear the tumult of the rest of the world that claims its place in history.
The interpreters of the original production return and are masterful in their roles, mezzo Allison Cook as the Marquise de Merteuil and baritone Robin Adams as the Vicomte de Valmont. Both were amazing, their voices using all possible registers and techniques, from the passionate to the declamatory up to the coloratura, the male voice often climbing to falsetto when warbling in the role of the Marquise. The two characters must support a deliberately mannered acting ("The brutality of our conversation bores me. We should have our parts played by beasts."), their task is burdensome and demanding, ranging from the blasphemous to the obscene to the ironic, as when the two characters exchange their respective roles ("I think I could get used to being a woman," says Valmont in the part of the Marquise, and she comes out with "I wish I could.”).
The young Maxime Pascal, a regular at La Scala and a specialist in contemporary scores, skilfully handled the different levels of the work: a first internal level of chamber music that gives voice to the psychological aspects, a second intermediate level of recorded voices that interact with those on stage, and a third level for large orchestra and chorus representing the outside world, a part that was performed live eight years ago. The electronic segments are by Serge Lemouton of the Paris IRCAM, who spatially mixes recorded and real sounds with great theatrical effect.
After such a taxing and cathartic journey, the audience seemed once more captivated by the opera and reacted with unusual warmth at the end of the performance.
Cinismo libertino in musica: il Quartett di Francesconi alla Scala
Nel suo romanzo epistolare Les Liaisons dangereuses (Le relazioni pericolose) Choderlos de Laclos racconta del cinismo libertino della corrotta nobiltà francese nel 1782. Due secoli dopo, il drammaturgo tedesco Heiner Müller riscrive il testo esasperando i toni di sfida verbale e facendolo diventare un crudele gioco di sesso e morte con due soli personaggi (il visconte di Valmont e la marchesa di Merteuil) che a un certo punto interpretano anche gli altri due personaggi nel romanzo (madame Tourvel e la giovane Volanges) – da qui il titolo della pièce, Quartett.