Of Modest Mussorgsky's ten projected operas, Boris Godunov, despite its numerous versions, is the only one he fully completed: three operas remained mere projects and six were unfinished. Khovanshchina, started in 1872, was incomplete by the time of the composer's death in March 1881, still lacking endings for Acts 2 and 5 and almost all its orchestration.
The first performance in St Petersburg in 1886 was in Rimsky-Korsakov's heavily reworked version, but there were also editions orchestrated by Stravinsky and Ravel, jointly in 1913, and by Shostakovich in 1960, in which version it has commonly performed ever since, like this Milanese Khovanshchina, a not infrequent title to the stage of La Scala, returning here for the eighth time. The last one was in 1998 with the same Valery Gergiev who now conducts the opera with a mainly Italian staging: director Mario Martone, Margherita Palli's scenery, Ursula Patzak's costumes, Pasquale Mari's lighting and Daniela Schiavone's choreography. The video images are by Italvideo Service.
The dark colours of the plot – the opera begins with the telling of the Streltsy's cruelty and with the whistle-blowing of the conspiracy against the tsar dictated to a terrified scribe by the boyar Shaklovity – prevail in this setting, a sort of Blade Runner (with ominous reconnaissance aircraft plying the grey skies and flames coming out of the top of the skyscrapers) and Independence Day (with skeletons of buildings and ruins of collapsed viaducts in the foreground). An old story of the 17th century but reflecting current struggles of power is emphasised by the director by the use of modern weapons and the inevitable mobile phones: the Persian Dances that cheer Prince Khovansky are here performed like a burlesque number by five hookers who do not refrain from taking a selfie with the dead man, after one of them – who at one point appears disguised as the regent to the hallucinating Khovansky – kills him with the same rifle he uses to hunt ducks.
Martone demonstrates his ability to build grandiose frescoes with an effective movement of the massed choruses, but he also includes dramatically significant details, such as the presence of regent Sofia Alekseyevna with Ivan and Peter, or the appearance of Khovansky in a cage for his last speech to the Streltsy. The director solves the ending of the second act, the missing one, with a black curtain behind which the chorus of black monks is repeated offstage. On the other hand, the cage in which Marfa is imprisoned in the third act is not justifiable. Despite some unconvincing solutions, the director manages to give coherence to a plot that has several improbabilities and is remote from our modern sensitivity regarding theological dispute between reformers and "Old Believers" who gladly go to their massacre for doctrinal trifles. The composer's pessimism is clearly highlighted, though.
In Khovanshchina, even more so than in Boris Godunov, the chorus is the chief protagonist. The length and complexity of its numbers and the difficulty of the language were not an obstacle for Bruno Casoni and his chorus. There were moments that left the audience in a stupefied suspension before giving free rein to a well-deserved ovation at the curtain call.
Valery Gergiev's calibre in this repertoire and in this particular work is already well known, but here the La Scala orchestra far surpassed all expectations in the harsh harmonies and dark colours of Shostakovich's orchestration, the composer who got the best from the author's sketches, making this the definitive version. The dramatic tension achieved by the Russian conductor stood side by side with the nostalgic moments when the orchestra played the Russian popular themes emerging in this quite modern-sounding score. In his rendition, Gergiev restored the scene of the Lutheran pastor, but he left Kuzka's ballad out.
The excellence of the evening was also due to a large, high-quality cast with Mikhail Petrenko masterly in the role of the arrogant Ivan Khovansky. Sergei Skorokhodov sang the lyrical role of Andrei, one of the few tenors in a work dominated by low male voices. In the excellent female cast the ardent Marfa of Ekaterina Semenchuk was particularly acclaimed by the audience, but Evgenia Muraveva (Emma) and Irina Vashchenko (Susanna) were warmly greeted too.
Valery Gergiev dirige una Chovanščina maestosa alla Scala
Delle dieci opere progettate da Modest Musorgskij, il Boris Godunov, pur nelle varie versioni, è l'unica completata: tre sono rimaste solo dei progetti e sei non sono state terminate. A Chovanščina, che il compositore russo aveva iniziato nel 1872, alla sua morte nel marzo 1881 ancora mancavano i finali del secondo e quinto atto e quasi tutta la strumentazione.